“Separate but equal” struck down
On May 17, 1954, Chief Justice Earl Warren delivered this unanimous U.S. Supreme Court ruling in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of...
Separate is not equal
On May 17, 1954, in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously that separate but equal public schools violated the 14th...
Spartanburg family
This African American family posed in front of their home in Spartanburg County, South Carolina, for photographer E.F. Shipp on September 12, 1928.
Store for freedmen
Union troops successfully occupied the area around Beaufort, South Carolina, in 1862. Even though the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, or...
“support all laws and proclamations . . .”
This oath was James Hicks's first step to reclaiming his land that was held by the Freedmen's Bureau. One of the major activities of the Bureau was the leasing of...
Terms of agreement
Richard and Mary, former slaves, were hired by James Mitchell to labor on the land and perform any other labor that Mitchell deemed necessary.
Testimony to bravery
In this affidavit, filed on January 15, 1900, Lewis H. Douglass supported the Medal of Honor application for former Sgt. William H. Carney of the 54th Massachusetts...